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CILEx Level 6 Unit 18 Criminal Litigation - £570

This is a course set at the equivalent to LPC in academic standard and will give you an in-depth knowledge of how to apply Criminal Law in practice. This is an advanced course, at the end of which you will have a very broad and deep understanding of the application of the Criminal Law in England and Wales.

Who is the course for?

The course is for you if you are:

• a Chartered Legal Executive student selecting this unit for your Level 6 legal practice option
• a law graduate paralegal working in a criminal litigation department within a legal firm
• a solicitor swapping to this area of practice and looking for a refresher course

We recommend that you should have studied Criminal Law at degree level already, or alternatively enrol on our CILEx Level 6 Unit 3 Criminal Law course at the same time.  As an alternative to the Level 6 course you may also wish to consider our CILEx Level 3 Unit 11 Criminal Litigation course which delivers detailed knowledge of how to defend summary offences and how legal aid in criminal matters is currently administered.

What qualification will I get?

Success in the course will lead to the award of a CILEx Level 6 Single Subject Certificate in Criminal Litigation which is a standalone qualification but can also contribute to the CILEx Level 6 Professional Higher Diploma in Law and Practice or the CILEx Graduate Fast-track Diploma.

What will I learn?

The course delivers the CILEx syllabus for this unit. Please click on the link to see the syllabus content expressed in terms of broad learning outcomes as well as the detailed knowledge, understanding and skills that are delivered by the course.  ITC publishes a course manual every year to deliver the CILEx syllabus and the table of contents (2011 edition) is reproduced below.  You can also view sample pages from the course manual.

PART 1: THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
Chapter 1: The Human Rights Act 1998 and the Criminal Justice System
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The European Convention on Human Rights – the essential background
1.3 The European Convention on Human Rights
1.4 The legal effect of the Human Rights Act 1998
1.5 Using the Human Rights Act 1998 in support of a defendant’s legal rights under the European Convention on Human Rights
1.6 Incorporating the Human Rights Act 1998 – some difficult issues
1.7 Summary
PART 2: POLICE POWERS
Chapter 2: Arrest
2.1 Introduction to Part 2
2.1.1 Introduction to arrest power
2.2 Arrest with a warrant
2.3 Arrest without a warrant
2.3.1 The power of arrest by a police officer
2.3.1.1 The arrest conditions – s24(1)–24(3) Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984
2.3.1.2 The necessity test – s24(5) Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984
2.3.2 Citizen’s power of arrest – s24A Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984
2.3.2.1 Involvement in the commission of an offence
2.3.2.2 The necessity test
2.3.2.3 Not practicable for a constable to arrest
2.3.2.4 Summary
2.3.3 The “reasonable grounds” test
2.3.4 Preserved and specific powers of arrest
2.3.5 Common law power of arrest
2.4 Procedure on arrest
2.4.1 Requirements under s28 Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984
2.4.2 Caution
2.5 The requirements for a lawful arrest under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984
2.6 Street bail granted by police
2.6.1 Conditional street bail
2.7 Challenging an unlawful arrest
2.8 Powers of arrest and the Human Rights Act 1998
2.9 Voluntary attendance at the police station
2.10 Summary
Chapter 3: Search
3.1 Introduction
3.2 General powers to stop and search under s1 Police and
Criminal Evidence Act 1984
3.2.1 The articles
3.2.2 The officer
3.2.3 The place
3.2.4 The manner of the search
3.2.5 Search in anticipation of violence – s60 Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994
3.3 Road checks
3.4 Search warrants
3.4.1 Matters excluded from seizure under a search warrant
3.5 Powers of seizure
3.6 Search without warrant
3.7 Search of a person after arrest
3.8 Powers under Part 4 Terrorism Act 2000
3.9 The powers to stop and search under the Human Rights Act 1998
3.10 Summary
Chapter 4: Detention and Interrogation of Suspected Persons following Arrest
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The custody officer
4.3 Detention without charge – time limits
4.3.1 The obligation to continually review detention without charge
4.4 The suspect’s rights at the police station
4.5 The suspect’s right to inform someone of his arrest – s56
Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984
4.6 The suspect’s right to legal advice – s58 Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984
4.7 Interviews under caution
4.7.1 What is an interview?
4.7.2 Cautioning the suspect
4.7.3 Non-taped interviews
4.7.4 Tape-recording of interviews
4.7.5 Comments made outside the interview
4.7.6 Fitness to be interviewed
4.7.7 “Oppressive” interviews
4.7.8 The legal adviser’s role at the interview
4.7.9 Advising the suspect what to do in interview
4.7.10 Questioning after charge?
4.8 Treatment of juveniles and other “vulnerable” suspects at the police station
4.8.1 Juveniles
4.8.1.1 The role of the appropriate adult
4.8.2 Mentally disordered and mentally handicapped suspects
4.9 Drug testing at the police station
4.10 Summary
Chapter 5: Identification Procedures and Taking the Decision to Charge
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Eyewitness identification
5.3 Distinguishing between known and unknown suspects
5.3.1 What is a known suspect?
5.3.2 Where the suspect is unknown
5.3.3 Showing photographs to a witness
5.3.4 Where the suspect is known and available
5.4 When must an identification procedure be held?
5.4.1 Which type of identification procedure?
5.5 The suspect’s rights in relation to an identification procedure
5.5.1 Video identification – Annex A Code D
5.5.1.1 The conduct of a video parade
5.5.2 Identification parades – Annex B Code D
5.5.2.1 The conduct of the parade
5.5.3 Group identification – Annex C Code D
5.5.4 Confrontation by a witness – Annex D Code D
5.5.5 Voice identification
5.5.6 Facial mapping
5.5.7 The power to photograph an individual
5.5.8 Body samples used for DNA analysis
5.5.9 Fingerprinting
5.5.10 Footwear impressions
5.5.11 Retention of samples and data
5.6 Excluding illegally/unfairly obtained evidence at trial
5.7 Proceeding against the suspect
5.7.1 The decision to charge
5.7.2 Bail granted by the police at the police station
5.7.2.1 Where there is sufficient evidence to charge
5.7.2.2 Where the suspect has been charged
5.7.3 Alternatives to prosecution
5.8 Police powers and examination questions
5.9 Summary
PART 3: PRE-TRIAL PROCEDURE
Chapter 6: Courts, Personnel and Definitions
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 The Criminal Procedure Rules (CrPR)
6.2 The classification of offences
6.2.1 Common law and statutory offences
6.2.2 Criminal offences and indictable offences
6.2.3 Classification by trial venue
6.3 The criminal courts
6.3.1 The Magistrates’ Court
6.3.2 Magistrates’ legal adviser
6.4 The Youth Court
6.5 The Crown Court
6.5.1 Deciding issues of law and evidence in the Crown Court and the Magistrates’ Court
6.5.2 Abuse of process arguments
6.6 The High Court (Queen’s Bench Division)
6.7 The Court of Appeal (Criminal Division)
6.8 The Supreme Court
6.9 The criminal courts and the Human Rights Act 1998
6.10 Investigating and prosecuting organisations
6.11 Summary
Chapter 7: Financing Criminal Litigation
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The client’s liability to pay costs
7.3 Defendant’s costs order
7.4 An introduction to public funding in criminal cases
7.5 Advice and assistance and advocacy assistance
7.6 The duty solicitor scheme
7.7 Representation order
7.7.1 How do you apply for a representation order?
7.7.2 The interests of justice test
7.7.3 The means test
7.7.3.1 The means test as it applies to Magistrates’ Court cases
7.7.3.2 The means test as it applies to Crown Court cases
7.8 An appeal against a refusal to grant legal aid
7.9 Getting paid for assisting an unsuccessful application for a representation order
7.9.1 Early cover
7.9.2 Pre-order cover
7.10 What does a legal aid order cover?
7.10.1 The Magistrates’ Court
7.10.2 The Crown Court
7.11 Public funding and the Human Rights Act 1998
7.12 Summary
Chapter 8: Bail
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The prima facie right to bail
8.2.1 The statutory exceptions
8.2.2 Grounds for refusing bail where the prima facie right to bail applies
8.2.2.1 Grounds for refusing bail where the prima facie right to bail applies in relation to an indictable imprisonable offence
8.2.2.2 The statutory factors (para 9 Part 1 Sch 1 Bail Act 1976)
8.2.2.3 Grounds for refusing bail where the prima facie right to bail applies in relation to a summary-only imprisonable offence
8.2.2.4 Grounds for refusing bail where the accused is charged with a non-imprisonable offence
8.3 Procedure for a bail application
8.4 Conditions attached to bail
8.4.1 Obligations whilst subject to conditional bail
8.4.2 Procedure where breach of bail conditions is alleged
8.4.3 Varying court-imposed bail conditions
8.5 Further bail applications
8.5.1 Remand periods
8.6 Challenging the bail decision
8.6.1 Appeal to the Crown Court
8.6.2 Appeal by the prosecution
8.6.3 Reconsideration of bail
8.7 Absconding
8.8 Custody time limits
8.8.1 Extending custody time limits
8.9 Bail and the Human Rights Act 1998
8.10 Questions on bail in the examination
8.11 Summary
PART 4: TRIALS
Chapter 9: Proceedings in the Magistrates’ Court
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Commencing a prosecution by summons or written charge
9.2.1 Laying an information and issuing a summons
9.2.2 The content of the information/written charge
9.2.3 Discretion to try more than one information
9.2.4 Laying the information – time limits
9.2.5 Amending the information
9.2.6 Issuing a summons
9.2.7 Where the accused fails to answer a summons
9.3 Proceeding in the accused’s absence
9.3.1 Where the accused is unaware of the issue of the summons
9.3.2 Absence of the accused through illness
9.4 Non-appearance of the prosecution
9.5 The prosecution’s disclosure of evidence obligation in summary offences
9.6 Pleading guilty by post
9.7 The first appearance in the Magistrates’ Court
9.7.1 Early first hearing (EFH)
9.7.2 Early administrative hearings (EAH)
9.7.3 Remand court
9.7.4 “Virtual” courts
9.8 Setting a firm date for summary trial
9.9 The procedure at summary trial
9.9.1 Where the accused pleads guilty
9.9.2 Where the accused pleads not guilty
9.10 Court proceedings and the rules of natural justice
9.11 Post-trial issues
9.12 The Magistrates’ Court in other proceedings
9.13 Summary
Chapter 10: Offences Triable Either Way
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Plea before venue
10.2.1 Procedure at the plea before venue
10.3 The mode of trial enquiry
10.3.1 Mode of trial statutory factors
10.3.2 The National Mode of Trial Guidelines
10.3.3 Procedure at the mode of trial enquiry
10.4 Presence of the accused
10.5 Special procedure in criminal damage cases
10.6 Conversion of the original decision
10.7 Committal for sentence
10.8 Relative merits of trial summarily and on indictment
10.8.1 Summary trial
10.8.2 On indictment
10.9 Examination questions and court procedures
10.10 Reforms to mode of trial proceedings under the Criminal Justice Act 2003
10.11 Summary
Chapter 11: Disclosure
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 Used material
11.1.2 Unused material
11.1.3 The police and disclosure
11.2 CPS disclosure obligations (“unused” material)
11.3 The disclosure process under s3 Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996
11.3.1 Service and content of the defence statement
11.3.2 Witness notification
11.3.3 Expert evidence
11.3.4 Updated disclosure
11.4 Further disclosure (prosecution’s ongoing duty)
11.4.1 Sanctions against prosecution non-disclosure
11.5 Applications to the court
11.6 Public interest immunity
11.7 Disclosure regime in either-way offences
11.8 Disclosure regime in summary offences
11.8.1 Unused evidence and other material
11.8.2 Further guidance on disclosure
11.9 Disclosure and the Human Rights Act 1998
11.10 Examination questions and pre-trial disclosure of evidence
11.11 Summary
Chapter 12: Trial and Sentence of Children and Young People
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Juveniles and Youth Courts
12.3 Trial of juveniles in adult Magistrates’ Courts
12.4 Mode of trial
12.4.1 Trial of juveniles on indictment
12.4.2 Adapting proceedings before the Crown Court
12.5 Mode of trial close to 18th birthday
12.6 Sentencing of juveniles
12.7 Examination questions and juvenile justice
12.8 Summary
Chapter 13: Sending a Case to the Crown Court and Committal Proceedings
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Sending an indictable-only offence to the Crown Court for trial
13.2.1 Sending the case for trial at the Crown Court – ancillary issues
13.2.2 Pre-trial disclosure of evidence in indictable-only cases
13.2.3 Application to dismiss an indictable-only offence
13.3 Committal proceedings
13.3.1 Reporting restrictions
13.3.2 Possible future reforms to the committal hearing under the Criminal Justice Act 2003
13.3.3 Committals without consideration of the evidence
13.3.4 Committals with consideration of the evidence
13.4 Evidence at the committal
13.5 Post-committal considerations
13.5.1 Objecting to statements being read at trial (CrPR Part 10.4)
13.6 Alibi warning/defence statement
13.7 Bail
13.8 Public funding
13.9 Sending “linked” summary offences to the Crown Court for trial with an either-way offence
13.9.1 Committing “linked” summary offences to the Crown Court for a plea to be taken
13.10 Voluntary bills of indictment
13.11 Other orders for trial on indictment without committal proceedings
13.12 Transfer of cases to the Crown Court
13.13 Committal proceedings and examination questions
13.14 Summary
Chapter 14: Pre-trial Hearings
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Plea and case management hearing (PCMH)
14.2.1 Briefing counsel to attend PCMH
14.3 Preparatory hearings
14.4 Pre-trial rulings
14.5 Pre-trial hearings and reporting restrictions
14.6 Summary
Chapter 15: The Indictment
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Drafting the indictment
15.2.1 What counts may be included on the indictment
15.2.2 Duplicity and joinder
15.2.3 The rule against duplicity
15.2.4 Including alternatives in a single count
15.2.5 Joinder of counts in an indictment
15.2.6 Joinder of defendants in an indictment
15.2.7 Overloading indictments
15.3 Alternative counts
15.4 Specimen counts
15.5 Amending the indictment
15.6 Witnesses the prosecution should call or tender at trial
15.7 Summary
Chapter 16: Arraignment and Pleas
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Arraignment
16.3 Pleas of guilty and not guilty
16.3.1 A plea of not guilty
16.3.2 A guilty plea to some but not all the counts
16.3.3 Involuntary plea
16.3.4 Ambiguous plea
16.3.5 Plea bargaining
16.4 Plea of guilty to a lesser offence
16.5 Failure to plead
16.6 Fitness to plead
16.7 Double jeopardy
16.8 Trial procedures and examination questions
16.9 Summary
PART 5: JURIES AND JURY TRIAL
Chapter 17: The Jury
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Qualifications
17.3 The summoning of jurors
17.4 Empanelling the jury
17.5 Challenging the jurors
17.5.1 Stand by
17.5.2 Challenge for cause
17.5.3 Trial judge’s discretion
17.5.4 Challenge to the array
17.6 The application of s18 Juries Act 1974
17.7 Discharge of jurors or the jury
17.8 The composition of juries and the defendant’s right to a fair trial
17.9 Challenging the jury’s decision
17.10 Judge-only trials
17.11 Summary
Chapter 18: Trial by Jury
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Delay in a trial on indictment – a stay for abuse of process?
18.2.1 Delay and Art 6
18.3 Securing attendance of witnesses
18.4 The prosecution case
18.4.1 Duties on the prosecutor
18.4.2 The prosecution opening
18.5 Prosecution witnesses
18.6 Defence objections to proposed prosecution evidence
18.7 Seeing the judge in his room
18.8 Submission of no case to answer
18.9 The defence case
18.9.1 The defence case
18.10 The closing speeches
18.11 The summing up
18.12 The verdict
18.13 Summary
PART 6: AN OVERVIEW OF THE LAW OF EVIDENCE
Chapter 19: An Introduction to the Law of Evidence
19.1 Introduction
19.2 The purpose of the law of evidence
19.3 Admissibility, relevance and weight
19.4 Types of evidence
19.4.1 Oral testimony
19.4.2 Documentary evidence
19.4.3 Real evidence
19.4.4 Hearsay evidence
19.5 The legal burden of proof
19.5.1 Exceptions to the Woolmington principle
19.5.1.1 Insanity
19.5.1.2 Express statutory exceptions
19.5.1.3 Implied statutory exceptions
19.6 The evidential burden
19.6.1 The evidential burden and specific defences
19.6.2 An example of the legal and evidential burden of proof
19.7 The standard of proof
19.8 Reversal of the burden of proof and the Human Rights Act 1998
19.9 Summary
Chapter 20: Proving the Case at Trial – Exceptions to the General Rule
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Formal admissions in criminal cases
20.3 Public interest immunity
20.3.1 Public interest immunity and the Human Rights Act 1998
20.4 Summary
Chapter 21: Witnesses Giving Evidence at Trial
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Competence and compellability of witnesses other than the accused
21.2.1 The procedure for deciding the witness’s competence
21.2.2 The test for deciding whether the witness may give sworn evidence
21.2.3 The test for deciding whether the witness may give unsworn evidence
21.2.4 The accused’s spouse or civil partner
21.3 Taking the oath or affirming
21.4 The methods by which a witness may give evidence
21.4.1 Making a special measures direction
21.4.2 The use of screens
21.4.3 Giving evidence by a live television link
21.4.4 Giving evidence in private
21.4.5 Removing the lawyers’ wigs
21.4.6 Video-recorded evidence-in-chief
21.4.7 Video-recorded cross-examination or re-examination
21.4.8 Examination of a witness through an intermediary
21.4.9 Aids to communication
21.4.10 Witness anonymity orders
21.5 Witnesses giving opinion evidence
21.5.1 Facts personally perceived by the witness
21.5.2 Expert witnesses
21.6 Corroboration
21.7 Evidence of eyewitness identification
21.8 Summary
Chapter 22: The Course of Witness Testimony
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Examination-in-chief
22.2.1 Leading questions
22.2.2 The witness refreshing his memory
22.2.3 The admissibility and value of a witness’s previous consistent statement
22.2.4 Unfavourable and hostile witnesses
22.3 Cross-examination
22.3.1 Protecting “vulnerable” witnesses whilst giving evidence
22.4 Cross-examination of the complainant in a sexual offence
22.4.1 Circumstances in which the restriction is lifted
22.4.1.1 Evidence of the complainant’s sexual history is relevant to an issue other than consent
22.4.1.2 Evidence relates to the complainant’s sexual behaviour “at or about the same time” as the subject-matter of the charge
22.4.1.3 Evidence of the complainant’s sexual behaviour is relevant on the basis of “similar” sexual behaviour
22.4.1.4 To rebut evidence of assertions about the complainant’s sexual behaviour
22.4.1.5 Illustrating the operation of s41 Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999
22.5 Re-examination
22.6 Summary
Chapter 23: The Rules of Evidence and the Accused
23.1 Introduction
23.2 The accused’s privilege against self-incrimination
23.2.1 Statutory exceptions to the privilege against self-incrimination
23.3 The accused’s right to silence
23.4 The accused’s silence at the police station – s34 Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994
23.5 Refusal to account for certain objects and/or substances – s36 Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994
23.6 Refusal to account for one’s presence at a particular place etc.– s37 Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994
23.7 The competence and compellability of the accused and failure to give evidence at trial – s35 Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994
23.8 Evidence of character
23.8.1 Evidence of the accused’s good character
23.8.2 Bad character of non-defendants
23.9 Bad character of defendants
23.9.1 Important explanatory evidence (s100(1)(c))
23.9.2 Important matter in issue between defendant and prosecution (s101(1)(d))
23.9.3 Important matter in issue between defendant and codefendant (s101(1)(e))
23.9.4 Correcting a false impression (s101(1)(f))
23.9.5 Making an attack on another person’s character (s101(1)(g))
23.9.6 Safety principles
23.10 The rules of evidence and the accused under the Human Rights Act 1998
23.11 Summary
Chapter 24: Excluding Illegally/Unfairly Obtained Evidence
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Confessions
24.2.1 What is a “confession”?
24.2.2 The grounds for excluding a confession
24.2.2.1 ss76 and 78 Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984
24.2.2.2 s76A Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984
24.3 Illegally/unfairly obtained evidence (other than confessions)
24.4 Illegally obtained evidence and the Human Rights Act 1998
24.5 Summary
Chapter 25: Admission of Hearsay Evidence in Criminal Proceedings
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Statements falling outside the hearsay rule
25.3 Identifying a hearsay statement
25.4 Common law exceptions to the hearsay rule
25.4.1 Public documents (s118(1) Criminal Justice Act 2003)
25.4.2 Res gestae statements (s118(4)(A)–(C) Criminal Justice Act 2003)
25.4.3 Confession evidence (s118(5) Criminal Justice Act 2003)
25.5 Statutory exceptions to the hearsay rule
25.5.1 Statements admissible under s9 Criminal Justice Act 1967
25.5.2 The unavailability exception (s116 Criminal Justice Act 2003)
25.5.3 The business exception (s117 Criminal Justice Act 2003)
25.5.4 Admitting hearsay by agreement (s114(1)(c) Criminal Justice Act 2003)
25.5.5 The safety-valve (s114(1)(d) Criminal Justice Act 2003)
25.5.6 Anonymous hearsay evidence
25.5.7 Safeguards under the Criminal Justice Act 2003
25.6 Hearsay evidence and the Human Rights Act 1998
25.7 The law of criminal evidence and the examination
25.8 Summary
PART 7: CONVICTION AND SENTENCING
Chapter 26: Procedure after Conviction
26.1 Introduction
26.2 The court’s power to adjourn
26.3 The procedure to be adopted upon passing sentence
26.3.1 Procedure following conviction at trial
26.3.2 Procedure following a guilty plea
26.4 Newton hearing
26.5 Taking other offences into consideration
26.6 The defendant’s antecedents
26.7 Reports on the accused
26.7.1 Pre-sentence reports
26.7.2 Medical or psychiatric reports
26.7.3 Other reports
26.8 Victim personal statements
26.9 Plea in mitigation
26.10 Deferring sentence
26.11 The Sentencing Council
26.11.1 How courts use their sentencing guidelines
26.11.2 Sentencing principles
26.11.3 Sentencing purpose
26.11.4 Hierarchy of sentences
26.11.5 The seriousness of the offence
26.11.5.1 Culpability
26.11.5.2 Harm
26.11.5.3 Assessing culpability and harm
26.11.6 Aggravating factors
26.11.7 Mitigating factors
26.11.8 Personal Offender Mitigation
26.11.9 Sentencing discounts
26.12 The sentencing options
26.12.1 Custodial sentences
26.12.2 Sentencing dangerous offenders
26.12.2.1 Who qualifies for a life sentence under the dangerousness provisions?
26.12.2.2 Who qualifies for a sentence for public protection under the dangerousness provisions?
26.12.2.3 Who qualifies for an extended sentence under the dangerousness provisions?
26.12.2.4 How is an offender assessed as being dangerous?
26.12.3 Suspended sentence of imprisonment
26.12.4 Community orders
26.12.5 Fines
26.12.6 Discharges
26.13 Other orders
26.13.1 Compensation orders
26.13.2 Prosecution costs
26.13.3 Forfeiture orders
26.14 Road traffic offences
26.15 Sentencing and the Human Rights Act 1998
26.16 Summary
Chapter 27: Appeals
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Criminal Cases Review Commission
27.3 Appeal from the Crown Court
27.4 Obtaining leave to appeal
27.5 Direction for loss of time
27.6 Appeals – granting bail
27.7 Appeals against conviction
27.8 Appeals against sentence
27.9 The prosecution’s right of appeal
27.9.1 Attorney-General’s references
27.10 Appeals to the Supreme Court (formerly the House of Lords)
27.11 Appeals from the Magistrates’ Court to the Crown Court
27.12 Appeal by way of case stated
27.13 Re-opening a case where it is in the interests of justice
27.14 Application for judicial review
27.15 Appeals and the Human Rights Act 1998
27.16 Summary
PART 8: PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
Chapter 28: Professional Conduct for Criminal Litigators
28.1 Introduction
28.2 The lawyer’s core duties
28.3 The duty to the client
28.4 The duty to the court
28.5 Confidentiality
28.6 Conflict of interest
28.7 Your client’s absence from trial
28.8 Imminent changes to the SRA Code of Conduct
28.9 Summary
 

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